在目前大多数服务器默认还是2.7的大环境下，如何同时兼容python2与python3 是常常需要解决的问题，以下是我整理的配置方式。
Centos7 依赖环境
yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel python-devel \
libffi-devel tk-devel
# py3.7 依赖
python3安装
wget -c https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tar.xz # 下载最新稳定版
tar xf Python*xz
cd Python*
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall
# altinstall在安装时会区分已存在的版本
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3
# 快捷方式
Macos 依赖环境
brew install zlib
ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/zlib/1.2.11/include/* /usr/local/include/
ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/zlib/1.2.11/* /usr/local/lib/
# 根据实际zlib版本路径
brew install openssl
brew unlink openssl
brew link openssl
wget -c https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tar.xz # 下载最新稳定版
tar xf Python*xz
cd Python*
Modules/Setup.dist
SSL=/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2s
_ssl _ssl.c \
-DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
-L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall
# altinstall在安装时会区分已存在的版本
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/local/bin/python3
替换py2
ls /usr/bin/yum* |xargs sed -i 's/python/python2/'
sed -i 's/python/python2/' /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
#如果把默认python覆盖了,yum文件要替换成python旧版本
cd /usr/bin
mv python python.backup
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
2.anaconda方式安装
pip 包管理
pip --version
pip3.6 --version
#查看现有pip版本
tar zxf pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
sudo python2.7 setup.py install
sudo python3.6 setup.py install
#官网下载安装
virtualenv虚拟环境
pip install virtualenv #python3 安装虚拟环境
pip2 install virtualenv #python2 安装虚拟环境
python2.7 -m virtualenv env2.7
source env2.7/bin/activate
#创建和进入虚拟环境
python3.6 -m virtualenv env3.6
source env3.6/bin/activate
sqlite问题处理
https://www.sqlite.org/download.html
# 官网
sqlite3 --version # 当前版本
wget https://www.sqlite.org/2019/sqlite-autoconf-3270200.tar.gz
tar -zxvf sqlite-autoconf-3270200.tar.gz
cd sqlite-autoconf-3270200
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
find /usr/ -name sqlite3
rm /usr/bin/sqlite3 -f && ln -s /usr/local/bin/sqlite3 /usr/bin/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/lib"
# 将路径传递给共享库；export语句写入 ~/.bashrc确保开机启动
MySQL-python
yum install python-devel mysql-devel
pip2.7 install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com MySQL-python
2.anaconda方式安装
pip 包管理
pip --version
pip3.6 --version
#查看现有pip版本
tar zxf pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
sudo python2.7 setup.py install
sudo python3.6 setup.py install
#官网下载安装
virtualenv虚拟环境
pip install virtualenv #python3 安装虚拟环境
pip2 install virtualenv #python2 安装虚拟环境
python2.7 -m virtualenv env2.7
source env2.7/bin/activate
#创建和进入虚拟环境
python3.6 -m virtualenv env3.6
source env3.6/bin/activate
sqlite问题处理
https://www.sqlite.org/download.html
# 官网
sqlite3 --version # 当前版本
wget https://www.sqlite.org/2019/sqlite-autoconf-3270200.tar.gz
tar -zxvf sqlite-autoconf-3270200.tar.gz
cd sqlite-autoconf-3270200
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
find /usr/ -name sqlite3
rm /usr/bin/sqlite3 -f && ln -s /usr/local/bin/sqlite3 /usr/bin/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/lib"
# 将路径传递给共享库；export语句写入 ~/.bashrc确保开机启动
MySQL-python
yum install python-devel mysql-devel
pip2.7 install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com MySQL-python